BIOL 104 Lecture 3: GENE

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1. 5% of the genome codes for protein (this is called the exome) The other 98. 5% tells the cell when/where to turn a gene on/off. Genes are located on chromosomes inside the nucleus. The cytoplasm contains little organs, called organelles, that perform specific functions. Everything outside of the nucleus is called the cytoplasm. Nuclear envelope is the outer layer of the nucleus. Messenger rna carries genetic information out o fthe nucleus. Rna rna acts as a transient messenger (mrna) The synthetic of mrna from dna is called transcription . The synthetic of protein from mrna is called translation . Each aa contains: an amino group (nh2, a carboxylic acid group (cooh, a side chain specific to the amino acid. Amino acids are attached together through a peptide bond. An example: two cysteines can bind through their side chains. This is how you should think of proteins. Side chains force the protein to fold into a specific shape.

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