PSYC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Phineas Gage, Muscle Tone, Hindbrain
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Basis of the (cid:862) (cid:272)ie(cid:374)tifi(cid:272) (cid:373)ethod(cid:863: making observations in systematic way, follow strict rules of evidence. What should (cid:449)e lear(cid:374) (cid:374)e(cid:454)t : critical thinking about evidence. Tentative explanations of facts and relationships in science. A prediction based on a theory: tested to confirm or refute, can be revised or abandoned. A(cid:373)ples: q: what"s a (cid:862)sa(cid:373)ple(cid:863) : a small group of humans or animals that is representative of larger group or population of interest, unrepresentative sample misleading or biased test of hypothesis, replication of research removes most doubt. Research methods: types of studies: descriptive studies; simplest method of scientific inquiry. All have advantages and disadvantages: correlational studies. Correlational method: measure two variables for statistical relationship. Anything that can be assigned a numerical value. Indicates strength (0 to 1) and direction (negative and positive) of the relationship. But we use correlations to predict: formal experiments. Exposed to independent variable/conditions expected to create change. Use in identical conditions control and experimental groups.
