PSY-B - Psychology PSY-B 356 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Social Forces, Kurt Lewin, Gestalt Psychology
27 Mar 2017
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Emphasis on objective experimental psychology and learning theories. Used behavioral studies with rats and mazes to demonstrate certain results that could not easily be explained using s-r theories (e. g. , watson, guthrie, hull) Behavior has purpose: directed toward or away from specific goals. Learn that particular behaviors lead to particular goals. Disruption of behavior when value of reward is reduced (negative contrast effect) i. e. , if expectancy is disconfirmed, behavior is disrupted. Substituted lettuce for banana (usual reward) --> monkey shows displeasure, i. e. , was expecting a better reward. An addition to learning to expect goals, animals form a mental image of where goals are located. Rats learn map of maze during non-rewarded trials. Demonstration of cognitive map idea: place learning (tolman, ritchie, kalish 1946) Also alternated starting in s1 and s2 but food always in same place (e. g. , f1) If start in s1, correct response = right turn. If start in s2, correct response = left turn.
