AS.020.331 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Chorionic Villi, Fluorescence Microscope, Cytogenetics

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27 Oct 2016
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Cells taken from cell culture- wider range of cells in different stages of the cell cycle. Fish: fluorescence in-situ hybridization (cid:498)painting(cid:499) of chromosomes. Prometaphase banding techniques: 320 bands over the entire set of nuclear chromosomes: band slightly less condensed chromosomes: 500 or 900 bands over all nuclear chromosomes. Prophase banding: nearly 2000 bands over 24 chromosomes. Karyotype: 46 chromosomes, xy: karyogram: picture of the chromosomes. Blood collection: t lymphocytes: pha, mitotic index by adding colored hybridization, 2-3 days in culture- hypertonic saline is added to lyse the cells gently. Prenatal material: developing fetus: shed fetal cells in the amniotic fluid. Banding techniques: g- banding: uses giemsa stain after trypsinization, heterochromatin is stained (at rich) regions, r- banding: reverse g, heat to denature, followed by giemsa stain. Stains euchromatin (gc rich) regions: t- banding: telomeres, stronger heat denaturation followed by giemsa. Stains telomeres, which are pure gc: c-banding: centromere, denatured with naoh (alkali denaturation) followed by giemsa.

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