ISCI 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Saponification, Solvent, Corn Oil
21 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
A lipid is an organic substance found in living systems that has limited solubility in water but is soluble in organic solvent. Fats: solid triglycerides such as butter & lard, r is usually saturated. Oils: liquid triglycerides such as olive, soybean, & corn oil, r is usually unsaturated. Steroids: found in all plants and animals & contain a four-ring skeleton. Waxes: esters formed from long-chain fatty acids & long-chain alcohols: coating found on leaves & feathers. Micelle formation: when soap dissolves in water, the carboxylate ions pack together to form spherical clusters called micelles. The negatively charged heads remain in contact with water while the nonpolar tails are buried in the interior of the micelle. The hard water problem: when soap is used in hard water the carboxylate anion combines with the metal cation to form a precipitate: the soap is thus rendered ineffective.
