ID 2415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Closed System, Wrench
22 May 2018
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Chapter 3 Key Terms
System: an entity made up of components in interdependent relationship to each other,
requiring constant adaptation among its parts to maintain organic wholeness and balance.
Interdependence: the property of a system such that all parts are interrelated and affect each
other as well as the whole system.
Nonsummativity: the property of a system that the whole is not the sum of its parts, but may be
greater or lesser than the sum.
Euifialit: the sste’s piiple that diffeet systems can reach the same end point.
Multifialit: the sste’s piiple that sstes statig out at the sae plae a eah
different end points.
Multiple causation: the principle that each change in a system is caused by numerous factors.
Variables: observable characteristics or qualities that can vary.
Input variables: the energy, information, and raw materials used by an open system that are
transformed into output by through-put processes.
Throughput variables: the actual functioning of a system, or how the system transforms input
into outputs.
Output variables: anything that is produced by a system, such as a tangible product or a change
in the system; in a small group, includes such things as reports, resolutions, changes, in cohesiveness,
and attitude changes in members.
Environment: the context or setting in which a small group system exists; the larger systems if
which a small group is a component.
Open system: a system with relatively permeable boundaries, producing a high degree of
interchange between the system and its environment.
Closed system: a system, such as a small group, with relatively impermeable boundaries,
resulting in little interchange between the system and its environment.
Feedak: a espose to a sste’s output; it ay come in the form of information or tangible
resources and helps the system determine whether or not it needs to make adjustments in moving
toward its goal.
Bona fide group perspective: the perspective that focuses on naturally occurring groups with
stable but permeable boundaries and are interdependent with their environment.
Collaborating group: a group whose members come from different organizations to form a
temporary alliance for a specific purpose.
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Document Summary
System: an entity made up of components in interdependent relationship to each other, requiring constant adaptation among its parts to maintain organic wholeness and balance. Interdependence: the property of a system such that all parts are interrelated and affect each other as well as the whole system. Nonsummativity: the property of a system that the whole is not the sum of its parts, but may be greater or lesser than the sum. E(cid:395)uifi(cid:374)alit(cid:455): the s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)"s p(cid:396)i(cid:374)(cid:272)iple that diffe(cid:396)e(cid:374)t systems can reach the same end point. Multifi(cid:374)alit(cid:455): the s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)"s p(cid:396)i(cid:374)(cid:272)iple that s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)s sta(cid:396)ti(cid:374)g out at the sa(cid:373)e pla(cid:272)e (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:396)ea(cid:272)h different end points. Multiple causation: the principle that each change in a system is caused by numerous factors. Variables: observable characteristics or qualities that can vary. Input variables: the energy, information, and raw materials used by an open system that are transformed into output by through-put processes.
