HIST 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Toleration, Hajj, Abbasid Caliphate
Document Summary
The arabian peninsula and the arabs: the harsh environment (deserts), the arabs, and their nomadic life (sheep, camels), the arabs were proud of their family, race, language, and way of life. The political and religious situations in the arabian peninsula before. Muhammad: strong neighbors, the persians, byzantines, and abyssinians, religious ferments, traditional religions, the arabs were not satisfied with their traditional religions, the influence of christianity and judaism. A. muhammad (c. 570-632) and mecca: muhammad: orphaned at 6, raised by his uncle, married a wealthy widow at 25, mecca: commercial center (in western arabia) and pilgrimage center (the cult of ka"ba). C. hijra ( migration, 622: 622, the year 1 of the islamic calendar, medina (meaning the city, i. e. the city of the prophet), umma the community of faithful (a religious, military, and economic organization), muhammad as the leader of medina.
