SOCI 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Luteal Phase, Stratum Basale, Corpus Luteum
Chapter 5
Key Terms
o Menarche
o The onset of menstruation
o Most apparent markers of puberty in females
o Genetic cuckoldry
o Term that refers to a male unknowingly contributing resources toward raising
offspring for which he is not the biological father
o Dogon
o Special society in western Africa
o Women have to live in a special hut while menstruating
o Menses
o Blood and cellular debris that is discharged from the uterus during the menstrual
cycle exiting the body through the vagina
o Menstrual cycle
o A regular cycle involving hormones produced in the brain that affect the ovaries
as well as hormones produced in the ovaries that affect the endometrium
o Three phases and typically varies between 20 and 36 days in duration but is
described in 28 days for convenience
o Menstrual phase
o Typically on days 0-5 blood and tissue flow as the endometrium lining falls away
through a process called menstruation
o Follicular phase
o Ovarian follicles are developing & the endometrium lining is starting to thicken
o Typically on days 6-14
▪ On day 14, ovulation occurs & typically one ovum is released
o Preovulatory phase or proliferative phase
o Luteal phase
o After ovulation until menstruation begins, the endometrial lining thickens as it
prepares for potential implantation of a fertilized ovum.
o Occurs regardless of whether the ovum has been fertilized
o Typically on days 14-28
o Secretory phase or postovulatory phase
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o Gonadotropins
o Signaling hormones secreted by the hypothalamus in the brain that affect the
pituitary gland
o Regulates menstruation
o Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
o Stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen
o Results in small number of egg cells (ova) maturing inside sacs in ovaries as well
as causing the endometrium lining to thicken
o Luteinizing hormone (LH)
o Causes the ovary to release a mature ovum and stimulates the development of
the corpus luteum in the ovary producing progesterone
o Endometrium
o Mucous membrane lining the uterus
o Composed of 3 layers
▪ Stratum basale = deepest
▪ Stratum spongiosum = middle
▪ Stratum compactum = closest to the surface
o Menstrual synchrony
o Menstrual cycles aligning between women who live in close quarters
o Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)
o Pregnancies that end before a fetus is viable
o Due to natural processes
o Abortion
o Medical procedure for deliberately ending a pregnancy
o Mittelschmerz
o A midcycle pain experienced during ovulation that may continue for several days
after ovulation
o Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
o Combination of emotional and physical symptoms related to menstruation
o Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
o Disorder characterized by severe levels of emotional and physical discomfort
accompanying the menstrual cycle
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