TECH 31065 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Holmium, Thulium, Terbium

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A Short History of Metals
Currently 86 known metals
o Before the 19th century only 24 were known
o 12 were discovered in the 18th century
Metals of Antiquity
Metals of Antiquity- oldest known metals, upon which civilization is based
o Gold (6000 bc)
o Copper (4200 bc)
o Silver (4000 bc)
o Lead (3500 bc)
o Tin (1750 bc)
o Iron (1500 bc smelted)
o Mercury (750 bc)
Known to the Mesopotamians, egyptians, greeks, romans, the Chinese, and in india
Five can be found in their native states
o Gold
o Silver
o Copper
o Iron (from meteors)
o Mercury
Gold and copper were the first metals to be widely used
3300 bc- copper is the first metal to be cast in Mesopotamia
Commonly used Metals before 1800
Gold
Silver
Lead
Mercury
Iron
Tin
Platinum
Antimony
Bismuth
Arsenic
Zinc
Timeline of Metal Discovery
1735 cobalt
1751 Nickel
1774 Manganese
1781 Molybdenum
1782 Tellurium
1783 Tungsten
1789 Uranium
1791 Zirconium
1794 Titanium
1797 Beryllium
1801 Niobium
1802 Tantalum
1803 Iridium, Palladium, Rhodium
1807 Potassium, Sodium
1808 Boron, Barium, Calcium,
Magnesium, Strontium
1814 Cerium
1817 Lithium, Cadmium, Selenium
1823 Silicon
1827 Aluminum
1828 Thorium
1830 Vanadium
1839 Lanthanum
1843 Erbium, Terbium
1844 Ruthenium
1860 Cesium, Rubidium
1861 Thallium
1863 Indium
1875 Gallium
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Document Summary

A short history of metals: currently 86 known metals, before the 19th century only 24 were known, 12 were discovered in the 18th century. Metals of antiquity: metals of antiquity- oldest known metals, upon which civilization is based, gold (6000 bc, copper (4200 bc, silver (4000 bc, lead (3500 bc, tin (1750 bc) Iron (1500 bc smelted: mercury (750 bc, known to the mesopotamians, egyptians, greeks, romans, the chinese, and in india, five can be found in their native states, gold, silver, copper. Iron (from meteors: mercury, gold and copper were the first metals to be widely used, 3300 bc- copper is the first metal to be cast in mesopotamia, gold, silver. The rest of the metals: fermium, mendelevium, nobelium* Lawrencium: 1878 holmium, 1879 thulium, 1880 scandium, 1881 samarium, 1882 gadolinium, 1883 praseodymium, 1884 neodymium, 1885 dysprosium, 1886 germanium, 1898 polonium, radium, 1899 actinium, 1901 europium, 1907 lutetium, californium, einsteinium*

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