TECH 31065 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Holmium, Thulium, Terbium
A Short History of Metals
• Currently 86 known metals
o Before the 19th century only 24 were known
o 12 were discovered in the 18th century
Metals of Antiquity
• Metals of Antiquity- oldest known metals, upon which civilization is based
o Gold (6000 bc)
o Copper (4200 bc)
o Silver (4000 bc)
o Lead (3500 bc)
o Tin (1750 bc)
o Iron (1500 bc smelted)
o Mercury (750 bc)
• Known to the Mesopotamians, egyptians, greeks, romans, the Chinese, and in india
• Five can be found in their native states
o Gold
o Silver
o Copper
o Iron (from meteors)
o Mercury
• Gold and copper were the first metals to be widely used
• 3300 bc- copper is the first metal to be cast in Mesopotamia
Commonly used Metals before 1800
• Gold
• Silver
• Lead
• Mercury
• Iron
• Tin
• Platinum
• Antimony
• Bismuth
• Arsenic
• Zinc
Timeline of Metal Discovery
• 1735 cobalt
• 1751 Nickel
• 1774 Manganese
• 1781 Molybdenum
• 1782 Tellurium
• 1783 Tungsten
• 1789 Uranium
• 1791 Zirconium
• 1794 Titanium
• 1797 Beryllium
• 1801 Niobium
• 1802 Tantalum
• 1803 Iridium, Palladium, Rhodium
• 1807 Potassium, Sodium
• 1808 Boron, Barium, Calcium,
Magnesium, Strontium
• 1814 Cerium
• 1817 Lithium, Cadmium, Selenium
• 1823 Silicon
• 1827 Aluminum
• 1828 Thorium
• 1830 Vanadium
• 1839 Lanthanum
• 1843 Erbium, Terbium
• 1844 Ruthenium
• 1860 Cesium, Rubidium
• 1861 Thallium
• 1863 Indium
• 1875 Gallium
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
A short history of metals: currently 86 known metals, before the 19th century only 24 were known, 12 were discovered in the 18th century. Metals of antiquity: metals of antiquity- oldest known metals, upon which civilization is based, gold (6000 bc, copper (4200 bc, silver (4000 bc, lead (3500 bc, tin (1750 bc) Iron (1500 bc smelted: mercury (750 bc, known to the mesopotamians, egyptians, greeks, romans, the chinese, and in india, five can be found in their native states, gold, silver, copper. Iron (from meteors: mercury, gold and copper were the first metals to be widely used, 3300 bc- copper is the first metal to be cast in mesopotamia, gold, silver. The rest of the metals: fermium, mendelevium, nobelium* Lawrencium: 1878 holmium, 1879 thulium, 1880 scandium, 1881 samarium, 1882 gadolinium, 1883 praseodymium, 1884 neodymium, 1885 dysprosium, 1886 germanium, 1898 polonium, radium, 1899 actinium, 1901 europium, 1907 lutetium, californium, einsteinium*