BIOL 1202 Lecture Notes - Reproductive Isolation, Sexual Selection, Gregor Mendel

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coffeewater-buffalo164

23 Sep 2014

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Gregor mendel (1822-1884): austrian monk, breeding experiments (peas) showed the rules of inheritance, contemporary of darwin, overlooked until 20th century. The modern synthesis (early 1940"s: a concept synthesis of darwinian evolution, mendelian inheritance & modern population. Phenotype vs. genotype: phenotype: expressed traits, genotype: genetic makeup (alleles of phenotype) Evolution: change in allele frequency in population, population. : all individuals of a particular species in a given area. Population genetics: examines the frequency, distribution & inheritance of alleles within a population. Hardy-weinberg equilibrium: theorem that states that the frequencies of alleles & genotypes in a population will remain constant unless acted upon by non-mendelian process, p2+ 2pq + q2 = 1. Sexual selection: peacock & peahen; male & female cardinals. A population is not in hardy-weinberg equilibrium if it is evolving. Allele frequencies: under strict mendelian inheritance, allele frequencies would remain constant from one generation to the next. (therefore being in h-w equilibrium)

Related Questions

1. What prevailing views were directly challenged by the Principle of Uniformitarianism, first outlined by Charles Lyell in the Principles of Geology, which was published in 1830?

a. Earth is only a few thousand years old.

b. Species are fixed and unchanging.

c. Catastrophic events governed early Earth history and geologic processes operating in the past were fundamentally different from modern times.

d. A and C only

e. A, B and C

Which of the following statements are consistent with both Lamarckian evolution and modern views of Darwinian evolution?

a. Use and disuse of body parts allows organisms to adapt to their environment

b. Characteristics acquired during the lifetime of an organism are transmitted to offspring.

c. Evolution is progressive and goal-oriented.

d. New species are the result of descent with modification.

e. Natural selection is a mechanism of evolutionary change.

In the formula for determining a populationâs genotype frequencies, the term 2pq is based on principles of Mendelian genetics, which demonstrate that

a. heterozygotes can be produced in two ways.

b. the population is doubling in number.

c. heterozygotes have two different alleles.

d. A and C only

e. A, B and C

viridianraccoon618

Hemoglobin and Fitness Instructions Directions: Neutral Evolution

1. Obtain 20 beans of two different colors (e.g., white and red). Count out 16 white and 4 red beans. The white beans represent the Hn allele and the red beans represent the Hs allele. This is the genetic makeup of your starting population. (Note: You can use any objects that can readily be categorized into two groups, such as coins, colored rocks, or paper clips.)

2.Calculate the frequency of both alleles [f(Hn) and f(Hs)] and record them in Table 1. In our experiment frequency is a measure of how many copies of a given allele exist in the gene pool (i.e., a proportion). Use decimal values. â¨

3.Arrange the beans into pairs. These pairs represent the genotype of each of 10 individuals in the population. Record the number of individuals with each genotype [f(Hn Hn), f(Hn Hs), and f(HsHs)] in Table 1. â¨

4.Now imagine that the individuals are living and reproducing with each individual reproducing at the same rate (i.e., all individuals produce two copies of each of their alleles into the next generation). Obtain enough beans to represent the next generationâ the offspring generationâand then let the parental generation âdieâ. â¨

5.Calculate the frequency of each allele in the offspring generation and record it in Table 1. â¨

Answer the questions that follow in Table 1. â¨

Table 1

	f(HnHn)	f(HnHs)	f(HsHs)	f(Hn)	f(Hs)
oiginal generation
offspring generation

Answer the following questions to help you understand the exercise:

What happened to the frequency of the common allele? â¨

What happened to the frequency of the rare allele? â¨

What happened to the frequency of the common and rare alleles when the starting frequencies were different from yours

What happens to allele frequencies from one generation to the next if there are no evolutionary forces acting on the population? â¨

greyotter669

1.Did either allele A or a disappear from the population youstudied? Why or why not?
2. Did the effect of natural selection vary with different startingallele frequencies in identical environments? Why or why not?
3. A population in which the frequency of alleles remains the sameover generations is said to be in genetic equilibrium. Describe onemechanism by which a populations' genetic equilibrium can bedisrupted and result in the process of evolution.
4. In which of the simulated environments do individuals of thegenotype Aa survive best?
5. In which of the simulated environments do individuals of thegenotype aa survive best?
6. Which set of data represents a type of natural selection thatstabilizes the allele frequencies of the population?
These are my lab questions & this is the labsite:/www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_12/BL_12.html

blushgnu391

BIOL 1202 Lecture Notes - Reproductive Isolation, Sexual Selection, Gregor Mendel

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