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Lecture 9

BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Atp Synthase, Intermembrane Space, Potential GradientPremium

School
Louisiana State University
Department
Biological Sciences
Course Code
BIOL 1201
Professor
Moroney, James
Lecture
9
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BIOL 1201-Lecture 9-Respiration
Cellular Respiration
●Breakdown sugars, release energy
●Energy is used to form ATP
●Sugars formed by photosynthesis
●Three Main Parts:
oGlycolysis
oKrebs Cycle:
▪Tabulation of Energy Molecules
▪From two pyruvates
▪
oElectron Transport Chain
▪Inner membrane mitochondria
▪Electrons come from NADH and go to O2 giving H2O and NAD+
▪The electron transport proteins are in the inner mitochondrial membrane
▪The last protein, cytochrome gives electrons to O2
▪Another protein, ATP synthase, is needed to make ATP
▪Fig. 9.13, 9.15
▪Making ATP:
●Oxidation-reduction reactions transfer protons from the matrix to
the intermembrane space
●This produces an electrochemical potential gradient (more H+
outside, more + outside)
●Protons are transported through the ATP synthase which captures
energy to make ATP (1 NADH = 3 ATP; 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
●Fig: 9.14, 9.15
Aerobic Respiration
●Glucose + O2 to CO2 plus H2O
**KNOW HOW TO BALANCE THE CARBONS**
●Glucose has 6 carbons --- so one glucose produces 6 CO2 molecules
●Respiration involves many steps
●Produces the high energy molecules NADH and ATP
●NAD+ picks up electrons from glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle forming
NADH
●Carbon donates electrons to O2 forming H2O
●Consumes glucose and O2
●The energy released can make 36 ATP from ADP and phosphate
Fermintation
●Mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells) cannot “process” pyruvate without O2
●Pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol with oxidation of NADH
●Fermentation nets 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
●Fermentation regenerates NAD to permit continuation of glycolysis
●Muscles can do lactic acid fermentation but the brain cannot do fermentation
●Fermentation nets 2 ATP per molecule of glucose compared with 36 for aerobic
respiration
●Some bacteria are anaerobes - they only live in the absence of O2 - they do fermentation
oAlcoholic fermentation examples: yeast, plant roots
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