PHIL 1021 Lecture : Lecture Notes
Document Summary
Logic-the study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument support (or provide good evidence for) its conclusion. Argument-set of statements where some of the statements are intended to support another. Statement-declarative statement that is either true or false, has a truth value. Two ways the premises can be intended to support the conclusion: deductive argument: premises intended to guarantee the conclusion, 100% certainty, inductive argument: premises intended to make the conclusion probable, less than 100% certainty. Two areas of logic: deductive logic: study of methods for evaluation whether the premises of an argument guarantees its conclusion, inductive logic: study of methods for evaluating whether premises make the conclusion probable-not guarantee it. Valid argument: necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusions are true: necessary =impossible for premises to be false, if-then , hypothetical, if premises are true . Argument can have one or more false premises, and still be valid.
