HIST 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Benito Mussolini, Corporatism, Propaganda In The Soviet Union
STALINISM, FASCISM, AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM
Stalinist Russia
• 1919 The establishment of Comintern
• 1920 The end of the Civil War in Russia
• 1921-1927 The New Economic Policy
• 1924 Death of Lenin
• 1929 Stalin in power
• “Socialism in one country”
• “Socialist Realism” in culture
• 1929 First 5-year plan-crash industrialization
• 1930 Collectivization of the countryside
o “kulaks”
• 1932-1933 great famine
o 5-6 million peasants died
• Soviet propaganda
• Great terror, show trials
o 1936-1938
• The Gulag System
• Stalin’s Russia as a totalitarian state
Fascist Italy
• Corporativism
o A third way?
• Political and moral crisis in Italy after World War I
• Benito Mussolini
o 1883-1945
o Ex-Socialist turned fascist
▪ March 1919
o Meaning of the word “fascism”
• 1921-1922 Fascists take over local governments
• October 1922 March on Rome
o Mussolini-Prime minister building of proletarian nation
• November 1922 Mussolini-Dictator
o Il Duce
• 1924 political changes in Italy
• 1926 delegalization of all non-Fascist political parties
• Secret trials, censorship, control of social institutions
• Great public work projects, archeological excavations
• 1929 Lateran Pact with the Pope
• 1935-1926 Italian invasion of Ethiopia
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