BIOL 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Lewis Structure, Chemical Polarity, Thermal Energy
Document Summary
1 dalton = 1 amu = about 1 neutron or proton. Potential energy- the energy that matter possesses as a result of it"s location or structure. Thermal energy- kinetic energy due to random motion of atoms and molecules. Heat- transfer of thermal energy between matter. Unit of heat: calorie (cal) - amount of heat it takes to raise 1 g of water by. 1st shell - 1 spherical orbital- 1s. 2nd shell - 4 orbitals - 1 spherical, 3 dumbbell shaped - 2s;2p. 3rd shell and up - s, p, and more complex orbitals. The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. The more electronegative an atom is the more it pulls electrons towards itself (polar covalent bond). Bonds that are equally electronegative are nonpolar. Cation - positively charged ions (lost electrons). Anion - negatively charged ions (gained electrons). Chemical (dynamic) equilibrium - the point where the reactions offset one-
