BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Osmotrophy, Phallaceae, Heterokaryon
Document Summary
Taxonomy: the theory, practice, and rules of classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses. Systematics: the study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms both extinct and modern. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Ideal goal of taxonomy is to place organisms in monophyletic groups. Contains a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Shared primitive character or symplesiomorphy (shared with a distant ancestor) Shared derived character or symplesiomorphy (shared by a group of organisms but not by a distant common ancestor) Ingroup: monophyletic group we are interested in. Outgroup: species or group of species that is most closely related to an ingroup. A theory about nature should be the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts (occam"s razor) It is vai to do with more what can be done with fewer. Construct phylogenetic trees that represent the smallest number of evolutionary changes. Tree that requires the fewest number of changes is the most parsimonious.
