Special Education ● Specifically designed instruction at no cost to parents to meet the unique needs of a child ● Includes related services ○ speech/language and audiology services ○ Interpretation and psychological services ○ Physical and occupational therapy ○ Recreation and social work services ○ School nurse services ○ Counseling services ○ Orientation and mobility services ● Supplementary aids and services ○ Helps enable children with disabilities to be with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent possible ■ Word-prediction software(assistive technology) ● Court cases ○ 1970: Diana vs. Board of Education ■ Assessments of spanish speaking children must be in their native language ○ 1972: PARC vs. PA ■ Guaranteed special education for children with intellectual disabilities ○ 1972: Mills vs. Board of Ed ■ Extended the right to special education to children of all disabilities ○ 1975: public law 94-142: addressed issues in court cases: funded efforts to find children with disabilities who were not in school: mandated that states follow the law in order to receive federal funding ○ 1990: IDEA: clarified the need for supports for students as they transition from highschool to post school educational or vocational options ● 6 core principles ○ Zero reject: all students receive public education ○ FAPE(free and appropriate public ed): services are