MBI 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Endospore, Hyperthermophile, Virulence Factor
27 Apr 2016
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Circular molecule of dna, usually just one: plasmids = small circles of dna. Carries antibiotic resistant gene, sometimes transferred between bacteria. Inclusions: stored material, different types of bacteria make different types of inclusions. Microcompartments: protein shells packed with enzymes. Cytoskeleton (found in some bacteria: long fibers that wrap around cell under the cell membrane, probably provides extra support. Rigid structures that rotate like propellers through moist environments: axial filaments (periplasmic flagella) Unique to spirochetes twisting corkscrew type movement of entire cell: fimbriae. Virulence factor: used to attach to host cells. Short structures, often hundreds per cell: pili. Glycocalyx: capsules and slime layers o thick, sticky, or slippery substances made of sugars. Endospores (some bacteria: highly durable, dehydrated cells, contain dna and just enough ribosomes to come back to live when conditions improve. Sporulation: process of forming an endospore, not a form of reproduction. Cell with prospore = mother cell, mother cell dies when endospore s completely formed.
