HDFS 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, Informed Consent, Information Processing

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bluemoose43

29 Mar 2017

School

MSU

Department

Human Develop & Family Studies

Course

HDFS 212

Professor

G T

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Document Summary

Human development history, theory, and research 9/12/16. The field of child development is the study of all aspects of human growth and change from conception through adolescence a part of human development of both scientific and applied practical importance an interdisciplinary field. Nature: inborn, biologic givens, based on genetic inheritance. Nurture: physical and social world, influence biological and psychological development. The psychoanalytic theories: children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations, how they resolve these conflicts, determines psychological adjustment, two outstanding theorists: freud and erikson. The healthy personality development is determined by how parents manage their child"s early sexual and aggressive drives. Three parts of personality: ego, id, and superego: relations between the three determine an individual"s basic personality. Five psychosexual stages: oral (birth to one year) teething. Biting: anal (1-3 years, phallic (3-6 years, latency (6-11 years, genital (adolescence)

Related Questions

When Sheila and Tyrone's daughter Mallory was born, on June 12. Anika was pregnant.
after she missed her period. Anika and her husband. Jeremy, were thrilled at the news,
Anika's last menstrual period began on April 3, and she's taken a pregnancy test a week
because a few months earlier she'd also thought she was pregnant. At that time, she had
started cramping and bleeding, and an ultrasound scan showed an empty sac- there was
no embryo. Anika knew from her biology classes that this probably meant that a sperm
had entered a polar body, which is a product of meiosis in the female that has very little
cytoplasm and is not the functional equivalent of an oocyte. The hormonal changes
typical of pregnancy had ensued anyway, which was why her pregnancy test had been
positive.
For the current pregnancy, at her first prenatal visit to an obstetrician, an
ultrasound scan confirms that Anika is in her fifth week. This time, instead of an empty
sac, the embryo looks like a lima bean with a pulsating blip in the center- beating
heart.
As Anika gazes at the ultrasound screen in wonder. a nurse looks over her chart
and asks about an acne drug, Accutane, that Anika had taken for several years. The drug.
a derivative of vitamin A. interferes with prenatal development at the fourth week.
disrupting formation of facial features, causing structural defects of the heart, and leading
to low IO and learning disabilities. Fortunately, Anika knew all about these effects and
had long since stopped taking the drug. However, the nurse frowns when she sees a
notation for another drug that Anika is currently taking for a skin condition- the
antibiotic doxycycline. This drug can cause tooth discoloration in childhood following
exposure as a fetus.

1. A polar body cannot sustain development becase

a) it lacks sufficient cytoplasm and organelles

b) it lacks a nucleus

c)its nucleus is diplod

d)it secretes a substance that prevents sperm from swimming

e)it cannot divide

2. The barries that the sperm had to pass to enter the oocyte are

a)the blastocyst and gastrula

b) Anika's parents

c)a layer of follice cells surrounding a layer of glycoprotein

d)the chorionic villi and placenta

e) the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis

3. At the time of Mallory's birth, Anika and Jeremy's child-to-be is

a) a blastocyst

b) a morula

c) a gastrula that has just folded into three layers

d) a primordial embryo

e) on the boundary of the embryonic and fetal periods

4. The approximate date of the conception of Anika and Jeremy's child-to-be is

a)mid october

b) late january

c) mid april

d) late may

e) early september

5. When Anika learns that she is pregnant for the second time, which of the following has already happened?

a) fertilization only

b) ovulation only

c) inner cell mass formation, but not blastocyst formation

d) gastrulation, but not blastocyst formation

e) formation of three primordial germ layers

6. When Mallory is born, her future second cousin already has

a) a placenta

b) eyebrows

c) nipples

d) nails

e) a neural tube

7. The time whena drug affects a prenatal human is called its ___ period

a) menstrual

b) genetic

c) obstetric

d) critical

e) chronological

8. A drug such as Accutane likely causes likely causes more severe birth defects than a drug such as doxycycline because

a)it acts earlier in development

b) it acts later in development

c) it causes dominant mutations

d) it causes recessive mutations

e) it kills sperm

cyanmole529

Homework 5: Sigmund Freud

Freudâs general theory of personality is called ___________________ theory. While working with patients experiencing conversion disorders, Freud became convinced that all such cases were caused by unexpressed sexual motives.

Freud viewed the mind as being composed of the three parts. The ___________________ functions entirely at the unconscious level and operates according to the ___________________ principle, which attempts to satisfy its needs by using wish-fulfilling mental images. A second part of the mind is called the ___________________, which can be thought of as the executive of personality and helps us to deal with the world through the reality principle. The only part of the mind containing a sense of morality is the ___________________, which is created mainly by parents. Parental punishment creates the moral inhibitions called conscience, whereas parental rewards establish a standard of conduct called the ego ideal.

Freud believed that our personalities are formed as we pass through a series of developmental stages from infancy to adulthood. Stressful events experienced during a stage can leave the personality ___________________ at that stage. According to Freud, the developmental stages result from a shifting energy from one ___________________ zone to another. Since these stages represent the release of sexual energy, they are called ___________________ stages. The first stage, lasting from birth to one year of age, is called the ___________________ stage. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage, he or she may engage in overeating and drinking.

The second stage of development, from one to three years, is called the ___________________ stage. Fixations at this stage may lead to a personality that is either stingy and compulsive, called ___________________ ___________________, or cruel and disorderly, called ___________________ ___________________.

From ages three to six, children are in the ___________________ stage, in which the genitals become the primary source of pleasure. During this stage, boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers, referred to as the ___________________ ___________________. Boys also develop a fear of their fathers, called ___________________ ___________________. Girls develop desires for their fathers called the ___________________ ___________________. According to Freud, failure to resolve the phallic stage results in a phallic personality, characterized by egocentric selfishness, impulsiveness, and a lack of genuine feeling for others.

From ages 6 to 11, children enter the ___________________ stage, during which sexual interest is relatively inactive. From age 11 through adulthood, the individual is in the ___________________ stage, in which sexual and romantic interests are directed towards oneâs peers. Most modern revisions of psychoanalysis agree that Freud overemphasized ___________________ motivation, underemphasized positive aspects of personality and the importance of relationships, and was prejudiced against women.

Word Bank

Phallic

Oedipus Complex

Erogenous

Anal Retentive

Psychoanalytic

Anal Expulsive

Sexual

Psychosexual

Genital

Latency

Oral

Electra Complex

Superego

Unconscious

Ego

Fixated

Defense mechanisms

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

Sublimination

Anal

Pleasure

Repression

apricottermite769

PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS..PLEASE NOT ONLY 1 QUESTION. THANK YOU

QUESTION 1. Chronic diseases generally have several underlying characteristics, including a.A long latency period between exposure to risk and disease outcomes b. Low degree of preventability c. High curve rate d.None of the above

QUESTION 2.Which of the following risk factors collectively explain a significant proportion (not incidence) of most chronic diseases. a.Tobacco, alcohol, diet b.Tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity c. Alcohol, physical activity d.Tobacco, diet, physical activity

QUESTION 3.Adherence to treatment is influenced by several interacting dimensions including a.Social and economic factors b. Healthcare system factors c.Condition-related factors d.Therapy-related factors e.Patient related factors f.All of the above

QUESTION 4. _________ is the leading cause of cancer in both developed and developing countries worlwide a.Radiation exposure b. Tobacco use c.Pesticide exposure d.Air pollution

QUESTION 5.This week's YouTube video on treating non-communicable diseases in Rwanda showed how a community health worker helps to treat heart disease, diabetes and _______ a.Cancer b.Asthma c.Hepatitis d.HIV/AIDS

QUESTION 6.Which of these are myths of chronic disease control a.Benefits of chronic disease control accrue not only to the individual but also to the population b.Economic growth improves all health conditions c. Chronic diseases are associated with low SES/poverty d.Chronic disease only occurs in the elderly e.a and c f.b and d

QUESTION 7 ___________ remains the leading cause of death among both men and women in low- and middle-income countries a.Cancer b.Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d.Obesity e.Respiratory disease

QUESTION 8.Chronic disease in adults accounts for approximately 60% of all deaths worldwide. True False

QUESTION 9.The WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework includes a positive policy environment. True False

QUESTION 10.It is estimated that the overall number of cancer cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. True False

QUESTION 11.Comorbidity refers to simultaneous occurrence in a person of two or more disorders; comorbid conditions can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. True False

QUESTION 12.Emerging evidence supports starting promotion efforts during pregnancy and early childhood and continuing efforts throughout life lower exposures to major chronic disease risk factors. True False

QUESTION 13. Increased cumulative exposure to risk factors over the lifecourse combined with social and economic inequalities, leads to the levels of inequalities seen in later adult life. True False

QUESTION 14.The "compression of morbidity" model proposes that morbidity due to aging cannot be postponed or mitigated by disease prevention programs True False

QUESTION 15.There is few significant funding sources for chronic diseases in low-and middle-income countries. True False

QUESTION 16.To combat chronic diseases, modern, evidence-based interventions emphasize shared decision making and collaborative goal setting among providers and patients. True False

QUESTION 17.In the absence of legislative, financial and engineering approaches, health education programs often have a limited impact on preventing or reducing chronic diseases. True False

QUESTION 18. It is estimated that deaths from diet-related chronic disease in China will triple between 1995 and 2025. True False

QUESTION 19.The third highest percent of global DALY's is attributed to which risk factor? a.Alcohol use b.Tobacco use c.Unsafe sex d.Childhood underweight

QUESTION 20.In the 1990's which country experienced a substantial decline in male life expectancy as a result of dramatic socio-political changes a.China b.Russia c. India d.Canada

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HDFS 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, Informed Consent, Information Processing

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