ISB 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Adenine, Sister Chromatids, Immune System
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Genetic material of all living things: inherited from parents, precisely replicated. Recombination: dna is hereditary information encoded in chemical language. Dna in almost all the cells of body. Dna: a molecule with three components: nitrogenous base (4) Cytosine (c: a sugar, deoxyribose, a phosphate group. 1 base + 1 sugar + 1 phosphate= one nucleotide. Dna chain made up of many nucleotides. Different species differ in amount of four nitrogenous bases. From on strand, can know sequences of nitrogenous bases in other strand: cgta on one strand, gcat on other. If you replicate dna, c will turn to g and a will turn to t: ccggttaa will turn to ggccaatt. After 20 mins of forming dna can already replicate. Super fast and complex: takes a few hours for human cells to copy its 6 billion nucleotides, 1/10,000 mistakes. About 1 uncorrected mistake per billion nucleotides.