ISS 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Constitutional Monarchy, Planned Economy, Classical Liberalism
29 Apr 2018
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ISS210 - Lecture 5 & 6: Power in Anthropology - Chapter 4
Ideology: integrated system of beliefs that rationalize and justify the exercise of power,
influencing how power is exercised
Functions of ideology:
1) Affect perception
2) Justify a way of life
3) Provide standards for right and wrong
4) Motivate social/political action
Types of government:
1) Monarchy: has a king / queen. The royal family has absolute power.
a. Divine right of kings: idea that God gave kings/queens of a monarchy their
power.
b. Constitutional monarchies: (Great Britain/ spain) king/queen has just a symbolic
role. They are highly respected but they are not the ultimate authority
c. Traditional monarchy: typical monarchy in which the royal family holds all of the
power (Saudi Arabia)
2) Oligarchy: a few elites hold the majority of the power
a. Dictatorship: one ultimate figurehead
3) Democracy: supreme power of government is given to the citizens.
a. Republics: citizens elect officials and representatives
Types of economies – based on how a society chooses to deal with scarcity (limit of resources)
1) Traditional: behavior that have been established over the long term guide how
individuals and groups deal with scarcity
a. The drawback to this system is the reality of little economic growth
2) Command Economic System (planned economy): scarcity is dealt with exclusively by
the government.
a. Socialism: government deals with economy
3) Market Economy: individuals decide how to deal with scarcity
a. Pure market economy: government plays no role at all. These have never
existed in society.
4) Mixed Economy: individuals and government work together to handle scarcity.
Political ideologies
1) Classical liberalism: rejected the divine right of kings. (think liberate, not liberal)
a. Grew out of the enlightenment
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