C_S_D 1060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Syntactic Category, Word Formation, Calque
17 May 2016
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How are complex words built up from simpler parts: there are several types of morphemes and rules for combining them, morphemes can be free or bound. Free morphemes = single morphemes that constitute words, they can stand alone (example: talk) Lexical free morphemes: have a meaning in an of themselves (content or open class words) Functional free morpheme: express a relation between lexical morphemes (closed class words) Bound morphemes = must be attached to other morphemes and cannot stand alone (example: -s, -ment) Inflectional bound morpheme: a bound, grammatical morpheme that is affixed to a word according to the rules of syntax (example: -s as a plural marker) Derivational bound morpheme: a morpheme added to a stem or root to form a new stem or word, possibly, but not necessarily, resulting in a change in syntactic category (example: -ize in finalize)
