C_S_D 3220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Fundamental Frequency, Context-Dependent Memory, Obstruent
Document Summary
Speech is a series of phonetic elements (the segments) produced in a framework of intonation, stress, rhythm, loudness, and rate (the suprasegmentals). Suprasegmentals: modifications (e. g. , prosodic features) whose effects go above the level of individual speech sounds. Phonetic context: phonetic environment that a sound occurs (e. g. , neighboring sounds & suprasegmentals) Rather artificial to describe sounds in isolation. Sounds lose their distinctiveness and inherit some properties of surrounding sounds. Inevitable because the articulators can only move so fast. Reflects the physical inertia of the articulators. Lip rounding and nasalization are described as relatively sluggish. Some features affect only immediately adjacent segments, while others extend over longer intervals. Human listeners extract an important fraction of the information needed to identify phonemes from outside the conventional segment boundaries pols. We must always consider contextual effects on speech (again speech isn"t perfect!) Acoustic properties for a sound depend on a variety of factors. Phonetic context, speaker, speaking style, speaking rate, dialect and situation.
