BIOM-360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Allele Frequency, Genetic Drift, Basidium

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Commonly Missed Quiz Questions
A nucleus within an ascus undergoes meiosis producing 4 haploid spores, which undergo mitosis
producing a total of 8 haploid spores. How many genetic types do these 8 spores include?
-Four.
Fungal Diversity
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycetes
Basidium (p. basidia)
Only diploid cell
where spores resulting from meiosis are produced.
Saprotrophic: decompose plant matter.
Mutualists: associated with vascular plants (mycorrhizal) and algae/cyanobacteria (lichens).
Parasites (of plants, animals, and other fungi).
Fungal Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Spores reproduce by meiosis, includes dikaryotic and diploid phases.
Genetic Variation
How does biological diversity arise?
Evolution: change in allele frequencies (genetic info) in a population over time resulting in descent with
modification.
Alleles: alternate versions of a given gene, responsible for genetic variation.
Origins of Genetic Diversity
Mutation: random change in DNA sequence that accumulates over time.
Recombination: process that shuffles DNA fragments to create new combinations of genetic material.
(combinations could be beneficial!)
Consequences of Genetic Diversity
Selection: differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to phenotypic differences.
Genetic drift: Random change in allele frequencies (differential survival and reproduction)
Bottleneck effect: Severe reproduction in genetic diversity in small populations due to drift.
Lineage Formation
Changes in allele frequencies can lead to the differentiation of lineages through time (populations,
species, etc.)
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Document Summary

A nucleus within an ascus undergoes meiosis producing 4 haploid spores, which undergo mitosis producing a total of 8 haploid spores. Only diploid cell where spores resulting from meiosis are produced. Mutualists: associated with vascular plants (mycorrhizal) and algae/cyanobacteria (lichens). Spores reproduce by meiosis, includes dikaryotic and diploid phases. Evolution: change in allele frequencies (genetic info) in a population over time resulting in descent with modification. Alleles: alternate versions of a given gene, responsible for genetic variation. Mutation: random change in dna sequence that accumulates over time. Recombination: process that shuffles dna fragments to create new combinations of genetic material. (combinations could be beneficial!) Selection: differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to phenotypic differences. Genetic drift: random change in allele frequencies (differential survival and reproduction) Bottleneck effect: severe reproduction in genetic diversity in small populations due to drift.

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