BIOS 10161 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Rate-Determining Step, Allosteric Regulation, Epistasis

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Biochemical mechanisms by which genes impact phenotype: we have a genotype which will make phenotype how do we go from genotype to phenotype. What do we mean by single gene effects: effect of a single gene on the overall appearance of an organism, one gene does not produce the phenotype. It influences it, but one gene never singlehandedly determines phenotype. Talk about single gene governing trait, but that is not to say one single gene is onvolved in its formation. Even flower color governed by complex biosynthesis of pigments determined by specific enzymes pathways. Pathways in turn regulated by proteins that control time and place of biosynthesis. Regulatory proteins in turn are regulated by transcription factors. Interminable regression of regulation and interaction among genes is the rule than the exception for even the simplest of traits. How, then, can single genes control phenotypic outcomes: possible, if enzyme encoded by gene acts as the rate-limiting step in the pathway.

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