BMCB 658 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Ribose, Atp Hydrolysis, Pyrophosphate

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peachprairie-dog751

19 Aug 2016

School

UNH

Department

Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology

Course

BMCB 658

Professor

Carrie A.May

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Document Summary

Triplet (codon): ribosome moves over mrna three bases at a time. Degenerate: more than one triplet can code for the same amino acid. Universal: the same in viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes; the only exceptions are some codons in mitochondria. 64 total codons: 61 code for amino acids, 3 stop codons. 2nd base is important for the type of amino acid; if u then the amino acids coded for are hydrophobic. 15 amino acids coded for by 2, 3, or 4 triplets, only the 3rd letter of the codon varies (gly, for example) Codon base-pairs with complementary base pairs on anticodon of trna. Many trnas can recognize more than one codon because of variations in allowed patterns of hydrogen bonding. Wobble is the first base of the anticodon (base pair with last base of codon) Requires: amino acids, trnas, mg2, aminoacyl-trna synthetases, atp hydrolysis. Products: aminoacyl-trna + amp + 2pi, ppi is hydrolyzed = 2 atp equivalents used.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BMCB 658 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Ribose, Atp Hydrolysis, Pyrophosphate

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