BIOL 1119 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Breathing, Brush Border, Facilitated Diffusion

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Normal ph of ecf: 7. 35 to 7. 45. Important part of homeostasis: cell metabolism depends on enzymes, and enzymes are sensitive to ph. Challenges to acid-base balance: metabolism products non-volatile acids: lactic acids, phosphoric acids, fatty acids, and ketones, volatile acid is carbonic acid, ph of a solution is determined solely by concentration of hydrogen ions (protons) Acids: release h+ in solution: strong acids ionize freely, release h+ greatly lower ph, cannot hold onto proton, 100% dissociate (hcl, weak acids ionize only slightly, hold onto most protons, weak effect on ph (h2co3) Bases: accepts h+ from solution: strong bases absorb h+ and greatly raise ph (oh-, weak bases bind less of the available h and has weak effect on ph (hco3-) Inhibits membrane repolarization: w/ time taking k into some cells creates hypokalemia for other cells. Disorder of acid-base balances respiratory acidosis (emphysema): rate of alveolar ventilation falls below.

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