BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Alpha Helix, Cistron, Release Factor

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skybear452

27 Feb 2018

School

Northeastern University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2301

Professor

Eric J.Stewart

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Document Summary

Gene expression = using the information stored in dna to produce rna and protein molecules that determine the phenotype of organisms. Colinearity: means the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide is determined by the sequence of base pairs in dna. Rna is similar to dna: the only differences are in the sugar in the backbone (ribose instead of deoxyribose), and rna does not have t (thymine) it has uracil (u) instead. Polypeptide chains are linear polymers of amino acids. Each amino acid contains a carboxyl group (-cooh), one amino group (-nh2) and a. Peptide bond is formed between carboxyl and amino group, giving water as a bi- product. Proteins carry out most of the functions of cells including catalyzing biochemical reactions, regulating gene expression, and providing mechanical structure. Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptide chains. Polypeptide chains are composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Related Questions

If the bold term in each statement is correct hen write the letter C next to it. if the term is incorrect then replace it with the correct term.

The nucleotide bases found only in RNA and not in DNA is thymine.

The class of RNA molecules that carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain is tRNA.

During translation immediately after the first and second tRNA molecules become attached side by side on the mRNA., a hydrogen bond is formed between adjacent amino acids.

In the genetic code, 20 bases on the DNA code for a single amino acid.

The major lipid involved is transcription is RNA polymerase.

The one strand of DNA used as a template in the making of mRNA during transcription, is the template strand.

chocolatemuskrat416

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

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BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Alpha Helix, Cistron, Release Factor

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