PSYC 3406 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Xerostomia, Erectile Dysfunction, Reduced Properties
6 Jun 2018
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● Alcohol highest usage - 51.9%
● Cigarettes
● Weed
● Nonmedical psychotherapeutics (pain meds, tranquilizers, sedatives)
● Cocaine
● Hallucinogens
● Inhalants - .01%
Substance Use Disorders
● DSM-IV-TR pathological use of substances divided into two categories
○ Abuse
○ Dependance
● DSM-5 one category
○ Substance use disorder (SUD)
○ Categorized by specific substance
■ Alcohol
■ Amphetamine
■ Cannabis
■ Cocaine
■ Hallucinogen
■ Inhalant
■ Opioid
■ Phencyclidine
■ Sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic
Proposed DSM05 Criteria for SUD
● Problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning
● Two or more symptoms within 1 year period:
○ Failure to meet obligations
○ Repeated use when it is physically dangerous
○ Relationship problems
○ Continued use despite problems
○ Tolerance
○ Withdrawal
○ Taken for a longer time or greater amounts than intended
○ Efforts to reduce or control do not work
○ Time spent trying to obtain the substance
○ Hobbies, social activities, work given up or reduced
○ Craving to us is strong
Addiction
● Severe substance use disorder
○ Having four more severe symptoms
■ Tolerance
■ Withdrawal
■ Using more than intended
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● OD
■ Trying unsuccessfully to stop
■ Having physical or psychological problems made worse by drug
■ Experience problematic relationships
○ With physiological dependence
■ Presence of either tolerance or withdrawal
○ Without dependence
■ Absence of either tolerance or withdrawal
● To be addicted don’t have to be physiologically dependant
● Dependance is tolerance or withdrawal
Alcohol Use Disorder
● Alcoholic
○ Physiologically dependent or heavy user
● Delirium tremens (DTs)
○ Can occur when blood alcohol levels drop suddenly
○ Results in
■ Deliriousness
■ Tremulousness
■ Hallucinations
● Primarily visual; may be tactile
● Polydrug abuse
○ Many users abuse multiple substances
■ E.g. cigarettes, cocaine, marijuana
■ 85% of alcohol abusers are smokers
Prevalence of Alcohol Abuse
● Lifetime prevalence (US)
○ Abuse - 17%
○ Dependence - 12%
● Binge drinking
○ 5 drinks in short period (e.g. within an hour)
○ 43.5% prevalence among college students
● Heavy use drinking
○ 5 drinks 5 or more times in a 30-day period
■ 16% prevalence among college students
● White and hispanic adolescents and adults are more likely to binge drink than African
Americans
● Binge and heavy use drinking lowest among Asian Americans
● Alcohol dependence is highest among native americans and hispanics
● 21.3% of those with alcohol abuse or dependence also have at least 1 mental disorder
○ E.g. personality disorders, mood or anxiety disorders, schizophrenia
Blood Alcohol Concentration Calculator
● Women’s alcohol concentration increases more than men’s as the drinks they have
increase (even if same weight as men)
● Men have more muscle which absorbs alcohol quicker
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Document Summary
Dsm-iv-tr pathological use of substances divided into two categories. Problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning. Two or more symptoms within 1 year period: Repeated use when it is physically dangerous. Taken for a longer time or greater amounts than intended. Efforts to reduce or control do not work. Time spent trying to obtain the substance. Hobbies, social activities, work given up or reduced. Having physical or psychological problems made worse by drug. To be addicted don"t have to be physiologically dependant. Can occur when blood alcohol levels drop suddenly. 5 drinks in short period (e. g. within an hour) 5 drinks 5 or more times in a 30-day period. White and hispanic adolescents and adults are more likely to binge drink than african. Binge and heavy use drinking lowest among asian americans. Alcohol dependence is highest among native americans and hispanics. 21. 3% of those with alcohol abuse or dependence also have at least 1 mental disorder.
