NEUR 2500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Central Nervous System, Axon, Myelin
Document Summary
Neurons cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system. Cell body the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive, contains the nucleus. Axon long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. Myelin sheath a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. Glial cells cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons. Synapse the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron, location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell. Sensory neurons neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system. Motor neurons neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.
