APSY-UE 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Confirmation Bias, Functional Fixedness, Cognitive Bias
Document Summary
Our poor abilities to retrieve information accurately is known as the misinformation effect. When we retrieve information, it is never an exact replica of the past. A source-monitoring error occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source. Study showed that you tend to forget a lot of info shortly after you learn it. Forget almost 40% of info after 20 mines. After one day, remember only 33% of the info. By a week later, you remember about 25% of the info. Recall measure: reproduce information without any cues. Recognition measure: select previously learned information from an array of options. Relearning measure: memorize information a second time, and determine time and effort. Refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. Concepts: mental groupings of similar objects, events, and people. More often, we form our concepts by developing prototypes (incorporates all of the features of an object)