EURO-UA 511 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Social Stratification, Philosophes, Scientific Method
17 Aug 2016
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Science in 1500: based on aristotle, outdated, geocentric model. Reasons for scientific revolution: renaissance spurred scientific exploration, universities were giving people educations, better tools built (telescope) Copernican hypothesis: heliocentric model (against catholic and protestant views) Post-copernicus: tycho brahe, johannes kepler, galileo (convicted of heresy by the. Church: sir issac newton used what was discovered before him to find laws of motion. Philosophes of the enlightenment (philosophe: intellectuals of the. Enlightenment, a philosophical movement promoting liberty, progress, reason, and tolerance. ) John locke: rejected idea of divine right, believed in natural rights and that only rulers who respected the rights of the people deserved power. Voltaire: did not believe in democracy or equality, preferred an enlightened despot, thought africans were inferior. Rousseau: people were born free and inherently good, version of social contract: government by general will. Montesquieu: used scientific method to study the government a. i.
