PSYCH-AD 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Silver Stain, Camillo Golgi, Schwann Cell

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Psych ua-25 - lecture 2 - history and principles of neuroscience. Early theories that predate modern science of neurons: interconnected wires as communication. 19th century: key advances - ability to visualize neurons = stains. Camillo golgi (1873): inject silver stain to neuron > visualize individual neurons. More dendrites = integrate a lot more info (cerebellum neuron vs retinal neuron) Neurons communicate 2 diff ways: electrical impulses within neuron, chemical transmitters carry signals between neurons. Membrane potential = -70mv (inside more negative = battery; stored energy) Passive: ion channels; active: na(3)/k(2) pump to offset leaking. Na rushes in bc diffusion and electrical force (relatively positive; attracted to negative inside) Neurotransmitters: excitatory: glutamate (glu), acetylcholine (ach, inhibitory: gaba, glycine (gly) Neuromodulators: have widespread distribution of projections. (differ from nt in that the kind of receptor the chemical interacts with) (modulate activity in large regions rather than strictly exciting/inhibiting speci c postsynaptic neurons)

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