ANTHROP 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Speciation, Convergent Evolution, Railways Act 1921
7 Feb 2017
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Taxonomy is used to relate organisms to each other. Genus = similar features species = interbreed with viable offspring i. ii. Speciation - one species evolving into another species. Allopatric speciation - geographic separation causes evolving into many species. Parapatric speciation - abrupt environmental change happens in a portion of the area and cause different evolutions. Sympatric speciation - species in same area fill different ecological niches to avoid competition and allow survival. Primitive (ancestral) - come from ancestors without change. Homology - traits similar due to common ancestry. Arms in humans, dogs, birds, and whales; same bones, different shapes. Parallel evolution - traits evolve independently but shared a recent common ancestor. Elephant and wholly mammoth: similar body size/shape, tusks, trunk, etc. due to recent ancestor but different. Convergent evolution - species are unrelated but have similar traits. Bird and bat wings are similar due to environments but they aren"t related.
