EARTHSC 1121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Fault Scarp, Thrust Fault, Magma Chamber
23 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Earth shaking caused by a rapid release of energy. Due to tectonic stresses that cause rocks to break. Energy moves outward as an expanding sphere of waves. This waveform energy can be measured around the globe. 3. 5 million deaths in the last 2,000 years. Motion along a newly-formed crustal fracture (fault). Faults are crustal fractures that move rock masses. The amount of movement is termed displacement. Displacement is also called offset, or slip. Markers may reveal the amount of offset. Hypocenter (focus)--the spot within the earth where earthquake waves originate. Earthquake waves expand outward from the hypocenter. Faults are planar breaks in blocks of crust. Fault trace--a surface tear due to the intersection of the fault plane with the. Tectonic forces add stress to unbroken rocks. Continued stress will cause growth of cracks. Eventually, cracks grow to the point of failure.
