SOCIOL 3410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham, Demonic Possession

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Legitimizes criminal punishment: cesare beccaria (1738 1794) Citizens give up certain rights for state protection. Laws are contracts that should not be arbitrary or cruel. Crimes committed should be only thing that matters in punishment (not social status) Judges should not have authority to interpret law. Punishments must outweigh any benefits from crime if they are to be deterred from future crime. Jury of peers: jeremy bentham (1748 1842) Laws should provide the greatest good for greatest number . Judge actions as moral/immoral based on happiness of. Devoted energy and money to development of prisons. Constantly fear whether being watched = self-monitor behavior. Moving away from armchair theorizing and towards facts and evidence. Positivism = belief in application of scientific method to find truth. Determinism = events have preceding cause (that are not determined entirely by free will, but external forces) Does not mean that if x is present, y will occur.

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