SPHHRNG 3320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Velar Nasal, Vocal Tract, Vocal Folds
4 Oct 2016
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Vowels rule: louder, longer, accurately perceived in listening tasks, clear speech has expanded vowel space. Consonants rule: informative in comparison with vowels, do not vary much across dialects. Manner of articulation: how the sound is formed/produced in the vocal tract: obstruents. Stop or plosive: complete obstruction of the outgoing airstream. Fricative or spirant: partial obstruction of the airstream creating turbulence. Affricate: stop with gradual release into fricative: resonants/sonorants. Nasal: air flow through nasal rather than oral cavity. Glide: vocalic segment functioning as a consonant. Voicing: whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating. Allophone [] of both /t/ and /d/ Looking at intervocalic /t/ in a spoken corpus, americans use the flap (tap) the vast majority of the time. English uses a retroflex liquid as a consonant phoneme. We are using the symbol /r/ to transcribe it: red /red/. A retroflex liquid is a very rare articulation.
