SPHHRNG 3320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Voicelessness, Allophone, Coarticulation
4 Oct 2016
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Special symbols: phonemic symbols only; allophonic variation is not considered, use virgules: / / e. g. , pit and reaped: /p/ Narrow transcription: use diacritic marks for allophonic transcription, use brackets: [ ] e. g. , pit [p t], reaped [rip t] . Broad transcription (phonemic transcription) may not always be sufficient to adequately represent speech patterns. The use of diacritic markers in systematic narrow transcription (allophonic transcription) may then be necessary. Stressed syllable initial voiceless stops are aspirated: [p m k ar] . Voiceless stops are not aspirated after /s/ [spat] Word-final obstruents may be partially devoiced [hez] *z with a dot under* Syllable-final voiceless stops may be coarticulated with a glottal stop ( glottal support") /l/ is velarized at the end of words [k ] Vowels are longer in an open syllable, shorter in syllable closed by voiceless consonant. Reduced vowels may be devoiced in voiceless environments. Vowels are nasalized when followed by a nasal consonant.
