CHEM 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Brachytherapy, Electron Capture, Radioactive Decay

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23 Apr 2018
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Nuclear radiation: radiation emitted from a nucleus during nuclear decay. Alpha particle (a): a helium nucleus, he2+; contains two protons and two neutrons, has mass of 4 amu, and atomic number 2. Beta particle (b-): an electron; has a charge of -1, and a mass of. Positron (b+): mass of an electron (0. 00055 amu) but a charge of +1. There are more than 300 naturally occurring isotopes. Of these 264 are stable, meaning that the nuclei of these isotopes are not radioactive (they do not give off radioactivity); the remainder are radioactive isotopes. Among the lighter elements, stable isotopes have approximately the same number of protons and neutrons; this is the case of 12. Among the heavier elements, stability requires more neutrons than protons; the most stable isotope of lead, for example, is lead-206, More than 1000 artificial isotopes have been made in the laboratory; all are radioactive.

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