ECON 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Monetary Policy, Aggregate Demand, Counterintuitive

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31 Aug 2018

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Individual level: why would people spend more during a recession, counterintuitive, macroeconomic level, one person spending increases income for another, recall multipliers: money gets spent multiple times. Multipliers: two multiplier concepts, spending by one person becomes income to others. Increases in income lead to increases in consumption: marginal propensity to consume (mpc, portion of additional income that is spent on consumption, = (cid:3042)(cid:3041)(cid:3046)(cid:3048)(cid:3040)(cid:3043)(cid:3047)(cid:3042)(cid:3041) (cid:3041)(cid:3042)(cid:3040: notes about mpc, mpc is not constant across all people, (cid:1004) mpc (cid:1005, mpc multiplier illustration, suppose mpc = 0. 75. If go(cid:448)er(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t i(cid:374)(cid:272)reases [g] (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:271)illio(cid:374) : workers get billion in income, spend billion, other people get billion in income, they spend . 25 billion. Lower-income people and countries have a higher mpc than their wealthier counterparts: higher income usually means your basic needs have been met, additional income is more likely to be saved for the future, relationship to multiplier.

Related Questions

5. Fiscal policy is enacted through changes in

A. interest rates and the price level.

B. the supply of money and foreign exchange.

C. unemployment and inflation

D. taxation and government spending.

6. In an economy, the government wants to decrease aggregate demand by $48 billion at each price level to decrease real GDP and control demand-pull inflation. If the MPS is 0.25, then it could

A. increase taxes by $16 billion.

B. increase taxes by $24 billion.

C. decrease government spending by $10 billion.

D. decrease government spending by $16 billion.

7. If there is a constitutional requirement to maintain a balanced budget, then during a recession when tax revenues are shrinking, the government will have to implement

A. contractionary fiscal policy.

B. no change in fiscal policy.

C. expansionary fiscal policy.

D. countercyclical fiscal policy.

8. Most economists believe that fiscal policy is:

A. better than the monetary policy for "fine-tuning" the economy.

B. better than the monetary policy for month-to-month stabilization.

C. not as good as the monetary policy for month-to-month stabilization.

D. not very good at pushing the economy in a particular direction.

9. An increase in the legal reserve ratio

A. increases the money supply by increasing excess reserves

B. decreases the money supply by decreasing excess reserves

C. increases the money supply by decreasing excess reserves

D. decreases the money supply by increasing excess reserves

10. The discount rate is the rate of interest at which

A. Federal Reserve Banks lend to commercial banks

B. savings and loan associations lend to some builders

C. Federal Reserve Banks lend to large corporations.

D. commercial banks lend to large corporations

11. Which of the following actions by the Fed most likely increase commercial bank lending?

A. raising the reserve ratio

B. increasing the federal funds rate target

C. reducing the interest paid on excess reserves held at the Fed

D. selling bonds to commercial banks and the public

12. Assume the economy is operating at less than full employment. An expansionary monetary policy will cause interest rates to ______, which will ______ investment spending.

A. decrease; decrease

B. decrease; increase

C. increase; increase

D. increase; decrease

sapphirecrow883

Q38. The most effective means of stimulating the economy during a recession is for the federal government to
a. increase spending and hold taxes
b. hold government spending and decrease taxes
c. decrease government spending and hold taxes
d. decrease government spending and raise taxes

Q39. The tax rebate of 2008 is an example of
a. expansionary monetary policy
b. contractionary fiscal policy
c. contractionary monetary policy
d. pump priming

Q40. A decrease in the economy's capacity utilization rate
a. tends to decrease the unemployment rate
b. tends to increase the unemployment rate
c. has no impact on the unemployment rate
d. tends to have an unpredictable effect on the unemployment rate

Q41. When the federal budget is used as a tool for economic stabilization, the ideal goal is to
a. balance the budget over the entire business cycle
b. balance the budget each year
c. balance the budget during expansions
d. run a surplus during contractions

Q42. The gasoline tax is based on the principle of
a. cost of service
b. benefit received
c. ability to pay
d. equality of sacrifice

Q43. A loan is said to be productive if it
a. increases the purchasing power of the borrower
b. increases the present utility of the borrower's possessions
c. ultimately costs less to repay than it was worth when borrowed, due to inflation
d. increases the borrower's total output and profits

taupesheep219

TRUE or FALSE?

1. Real GDP can never be greater than potential GDP.

2. When foreign countries experience an increase in income, this is likely to increase our GDP.

3. The United States economy spends about as many months in recession as it spends in expansion.

4. If individuals decrease their consumption spending then this is likely to reduce the growth rate of GDP, all else the same.

5. Movements of real GDP around potential GDP are called the business cycle.

6. If total government spending in a given year was $3.7 trillion, then all of this spending counted directly in GDP as part of the government spending (G) category.

7. The last recession in the United States began in December of 2007.

8. During a recession, the inflation rate tends to decline.

9. Changes in spending that cause firms to change their level of production of goods/services are called supply shocks.

10. All else the same, an increase in income in the United States leads to a decrease in our net exports.

11. Since 1929 there have been 14 declared recessions in the United States.

12. Total spending in the economy is equal to consumption + investment + government spending - net exports.

13. During each recession, potential GDP falls.

14. Percentage wise, the government collects more tax from individuals than it does from firms.

15. During a recession, the Federal Reserve pursues contractionary monetary policy.

16. During a recession, the Federal Reserve is most likely to sell government bonds to the public.

17. Investment spending increases during periods of recession.

18. Congress meets about every 6 - 8 weeks to discuss the performance of the economy and potential changes to fiscal policy.

19. If there is more competition among firms, then the inflation rate will tend to increase.

20.The demand for labor increases when the economy is in an expansionary phase.

21. Total spending by the government is about 20% of GDP in the US economy.

22. The unemployment rate decreases during periods of expansion.

23. If oil prices increase by 20% then this is an example of a supply shock.

24. When the Federal Reserve buys government bonds, interest rates are likely to fall.

25. If Congress wanted to help the economy out of a recession, they would be most likely to reduce government spending and/or increase taxes.

Falsenot in accordance with the fact or reality or actualityMore (Definitions, Synonyms, Translation)

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ECON 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Monetary Policy, Aggregate Demand, Counterintuitive

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