PSY 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Sleep Spindle, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Pineal Gland
1 May 2018
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PSY 1010 Exam 2 Notes
Chapter 5 – Variations in Consciousness
• The Nature of Consciousness
o Consciousness: the awareness of our internal and external world
▪ Subjective and private
▪ Dynamic
▪ Self-reflective
• The Electroencephalograph (EEG)
o Beta waves: awake and alert (~13-24 cycles/second)
o Alpha waves: resting and relaxation (~8-12 cycles/second)
o Theta waves: light sleep (~5-8 cycles/second)
o Delta waves: deep sleep (>4 cycles/second)
• Circadian Rhythms
o Biological rhythms
o Periodic fluctuations in physiological functions
▪ Blood pressure Hormones
▪ Alertness Short term memory
▪ Core body temperature
• Jet Lag
o Exposure to light affects activity in suprachiasmatic nucleus (hypothalamus)
o Signals to pineal gland
o Increase or decrease in production of melatonin
o About 17% of the U.S. workforce work in an industry with fluctuating weekly hours
• Stages of Sleep
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3 and 4
REM
Awake
Characteristics
Awoken
easily
Sleep spindles
and mixed EEG
activity
Slow-wave sleep
Heart rate increases,
arousal, dreaming,
physiological
functions can reach
awake/alert level
Awake and
alert
Wave types
Theta waves
Theta waves
Delta waves
(dominate the
pattern)
Beta waves
Low-
voltage, high
frequency
beta waves
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Document Summary
The nature of consciousness: consciousness: the awareness of our internal and external world, subjective and private, dynamic, self-reflective. The electroencephalograph (eeg: beta waves: awake and alert (~13-24 cycles/second, alpha waves: resting and relaxation (~8-12 cycles/second, theta waves: light sleep (~5-8 cycles/second, delta waves: deep sleep (>4 cycles/second) Circadian rhythms: biological rhythms, periodic fluctuations in physiological functions, blood pressure, alertness. Jet lag: exposure to light affects activity in suprachiasmatic nucleus (hypothalamus, signals to pineal gland. Increase or decrease in production of melatonin: about 17% of the u. s. workforce work in an industry with fluctuating weekly hours. Theta waves physiological functions can reach awake/alert level. Impaired attention, reaction time, decision making: traffic accidents, workplace accidents, health problems. Sleep disorders: dyssomnias: disturbances in the amount, timing, and quality of sleep, examples: Intense fear and signs of autonomic arousal: relatively unresponsive to efforts of others to comfort the person. 3: continued use despite recurrent social/interpersonal problems, abused drugs and their effects.
