PSY 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Psy, Homeostasis, Positive Illusions
1 May 2018
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PSY 1010 Exam 3 Notes
Chapter 10 – Motivation and Emotion
• Motivation
o What is motivation?
▪ Motivation: process that influences the direction, persistence, and vigor of goal-directed
behavior
▪ Motives: the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel people toward behavior.
▪ Extrinsic Motivation: performing an activity to obtain an external reward or to avoid
punishment
▪ Intrinsic Motivation: performing an activity for its own sake
o Drive Theories
▪ Body temperature – 98.6 degrees
• Blood vessels in skin dilate to remove heat
• Person sweats
• Turns down furnace
• Removes sweater
▪ Drive theories: hold that motivation is based in an internal state of tension that motivates
an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension - organisms seek to
maintain homeostasis, or a state of equilibrium or stability
o Incentive Theories
▪ Need Drive Response
▪ Incentive theories hold that motivation is regulated by external stimuli - for example, ice
cream, an A, or money. High-incentive goals, such as eating ice cream, lead to higher drives,
even if the need is low.
▪ Extrinsic Motivation: performing an activity to obtain an external reward or to avoid
punishment
▪ Intrinsic Motivation: performing an activity for its own sake
• The more effective of the two
o Biological vs. Social Motives
▪ Most theories identify between 10-15 biological needs, reflecting automatic processes for
survival
• Biological: hunger, sex, thirst, temperature, excretion, sleep, activity, aggression
• Social: achievement, nurturance, affiliation, autonomy, dominance, exhibition,
order, leisure (more complicated, depend on experience)
o Motivation
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