ANSI 3423 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Sister Chromatids, Nucleolus, Spermatogenesis
Document Summary
Genetics: pivotal position in subject of biology, central to numerous aspects of human affairs, the study of heredity and of biologically inherited traits, explanation for similarity and diversity among organisms. Everybody has 1-4% of neanderthal: modern genetics is more modern science. Became a science itself at turn of last century. Genetics as a science- discovered in 1866 by gregor mendel: grew a lot in the 20th century, went many different directions including: Molecular- study of structure and function of chromosomes. Population- study of heredity in groups of individuals. Quantitative- study of heredity of traits that could be measured. Dna- genetic material of most living organisms: exceptions-rna viruses, total dna component is the genome(haploid dna component of organisms, all genes in pairs except y chromosome, a-t g-c. Chromosomes- threadlike structure within the nucleus: contains dna and mostly structural proteins, prokaryotes-single circular chromosome. Some can have linear chromosome: eukaryotes- number of linear chromosomes. Some extra nuclear dna found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
