BIOL 1114 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Guanine, Uracil, Thymine
Document Summary
Monosaccharides: single sugar molecule, simple sugars, 3-7 carbon backbone, glucose c6h12o6, 2 isomers- fructose and galactoses, cells use glucose as the energy source of choice, ribose and deoxyribose are found in rna and dna. Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides bonded together, maltose- yeast breaks down maltose in beer for energy and produces ethyl alcohol. Polysaccharides as energy storage molecules: polymers of monosaccharides, some function as energy storage molecules, plants store glucose as starch, animals store glucose as glycogen, some function as structural components. Phospholipids: form the bulk of the plasma membrane. Biology chapter 3: one end of the molecule is water-soluble, polar phosphate head, other end of the molecule is not water-soluble, nonpolar fatty acid tails. Lipids made of 4 fused rings: no fatty acids but are insoluble in water, derived from cholesterol, differ only in functional groups. Proteins: many functions: support, metabolism, transport, defense, regulation, and motion.
