MICR 2123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Multiple Drug Resistance, Transferase, Ciprofloxacin
Document Summary
Avoid indiscriminate use of antibiotics: antibiotics overused (treatment of viral infections, microbial drug resistance is a huge problem. Early treatment is best: stationary phase bacteria are unresponsive to some antibiotics, higher doses against high cell numbers (sometimes ineffective, bacteriostatic drugs depend on immune clearance for cure. Antimicrobial spectrum must be considered: no antibiotic targets all bacteria. Continue treatment for full course of antibiotics: prevents relapse and acquisition of resistance. Combined treatment justified in certain cases: life threatening potential, if synergistic action essential (to cover broad spectrum, amoxicillin-clarithromycin for heliobacter pylori infection. Resistance appears about 10 years after introduction: used in farm animal feed, soaps, hand towels, etc, indiscriminate prescription. Secreted enzymes protects nearby cells: modify the antibiotic. Inactivated drug can no longer bind to target (ribosome: alter the target. Most common streptomycin resistance mechanism: drug efflux. Confers resistance to several antibiotics at once.
