ANS 217 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Hummingbird, Synsacrum, Pectoralis Minor Muscle
Document Summary
Anatomy: reduced number of bones, fused phalanges, smaller fibula. Stresses on bones are different: vertebral column. Ribcage is partially fused along middle of ribs. Purpose: gives muscles something to anchor to, keeps things from bending too much, process : bump, ligament attachment to the next rib back. Increased mineral content: laying female, medullary bone. Steal the calcium from this for the egg shells. They replenish this when they eat calcium. About 2g of calcium in every egg layed: keel on the sternum. Need to have this for the pulling motion for flying: hollow bones, bones allow air through, especially long bones. Part of the lungs is actually connected to the bone skeleton: lungs of a bird don"t expand and contract, much different than mammals, bones are like a pneumatic (contain air) system, all connected to the respiratory system. Birds also have air sacs throughout the body: muscular system, muscle location. Connected in breast, thigh, and drum (tibia)