CJA 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Recreation Area, Arraignment, Solitary Confinement
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Chapter 13 – Prisons and Jails
Chapter 13 – Prisons and Jails
A Short History of American Prison
oThe Pennsylvania and New York (Auburn) Penitentiary Systems:
Pennsylvania:
Solitary confinement with in-cell labor
Cells large by existing standards
Inmates given a bed, table, chair, bucket & bible
Prison was a place to reflect on wrongdoings and improve one’s
moral character - to get right with God
New York:
Sometimes called the “tier system”
Based on fear of punishment and silent confinement
Congregate work conditions
Separate & silent conditions at night
Enforced silence was the key to discipline
Reforms & Reformers: The Elmira Reformatory
oAbolished corporal punishment
oFocus on education
oProvide meaningful industries and vocational training
oFocus on reintegration
The Prison Population Bomb
oFactors influencing the growth in the number of Americans behind bars:
Enhancement and stricter enforcement of American drug laws
Increased probability of incarceration
Inmates are serving more time for each crime
Rising incarceration rates of women
Federal prison growth
The Role of Prisons in Society
oThere are different schools of thought behind prison organization:
The custodial model
Based on the assumption that prisoners are incarcerated for the
purposes of incapacitation, deterrence, and retribution
The rehabilitation model
Stresses the ideals of individualized treatment
The reintegration model
The correctional institution serves as a training ground for the
inmate to prepare for existence in the community
Types of Prisons
oMaximum-Security Prisons
Fortresses
Cells/Blocks/Wings
Standard uniform and dress codes
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Chapter 13 – Prisons and Jails
Everything based on security (lock psychosis)
oMedium-Security Prisons
Similar appearance to maximum-security facilities
Security is less intense than in maximum-security facilities
More privileges than in maximum-security facilities
More treatment effort than in maximum-security facilities
oMinimum-Security Prisons
No armed guards or walls
House the most trustworthy & least violent offenders\
Dormitory style housing or small rooms
Critics complain they are “country clubs” in a prison setting
oPrison Designs
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