BIOL 141 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Starch, Blood Sugar, Serous Membrane

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22 Jan 2017
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Digestion: breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb. Mouth: mechanical breakdown of food, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Stomach: secretes acid and enzymes, mixes food with secretions to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins. Small intestine: mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice, final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules, main site of nutrient absorption. Large intestine: absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces. Salivary glands: secrete saliva which contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates. Gallbladder: stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine. Pancreas: produces and secretes pancreatic juice (which contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions) into the small intestine. Mucosa- surface epithelium, connective tissue, little smooth muscle. Muscular- two coats of smooth muscle (contracts both ways) Serosa- outer covering, epithelial and connective, serous fluid. Tonsils- masses of lymphatic tissue, protection against infection. Teeth- hardest structure in the body (mechanical digestion) Activated by smell, taste, sight and thought of food.

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