MICRB 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cytoskeleton, Glycerol, Benzene
13 Sep 2017
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20 elements found in livig organisms (fig a1. 1) 6 found in high amounts: c, h, o, p, s, n. Chemical bonds: covalent bonds (slide 2) e. g. h_2, co_2. Formed and broken by enzymes in cells: non-covalent bonds (slide 3) e. g. between water molecules. Include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der waal interactions, hydrophobic interactions. Hydrogen bonds exist between hydrogen and a more electronegative element (e. g. o, n) Presence of many non-covalent bonds within and between macromolecules enhances stability of entire structure. Monomer/polymer relationships: macromolecules are polymers constructed from subunits known as. Monomers (slide 5: subunits may be connected to each other by covalent and/or non-covalent bonds, polymers made up of similar or identical monomers (slide) e. g. starch glucose monomers e. g proteins amino acid monomers. Simple sugars have general chemical formula of (ch_2o)n where n = 3,5, or 6. Act as energy source; constituent of bacterial cell wall (not plasma membrane) Sub-units connected by covalent glycosidic bonds to form.
