BIOSC 0150 Lecture : ch.5 - macromolecules.docx

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Large biological molecules are called macromolecules which consisted of 1) proteins 2) nucleic acid 3) carbohydrates and 4) lipids ranked from largest to smallest. Monomers building block of molecules that contain smaller molecules. Polymers made up many molecules that held together by covalent bond. Are made and broken with the help of enzymes. Forming of bond (synthesis) many polymers linked together through dehydration process and molecules losing water. Breaking of bond (digestion) hydrolysis a process of breaking a bond by adding water molecule: carbohydrates. Energy storage for both plants and materials include sugars and polymers of sugars. Vary in terms of location of carbonyl group (aldoses and ketoses) and size of carbon skeleton: molecule starts out as linear form and then 1"c of carbonyl attached to 5"c and forming a ring. Polysaccharides: hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage, water must be lost for glycosidic linkage bond to form, glycogen, starch and cellulose are the 3 polysaccharides.

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