BIOL 22100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Fomite, Horizontal Transmission, Vertically Transmitted Infection

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Most likely portals of exit are the mucous membranes like coughing diarrhea and stds. Populations can contain reservoirs that are carriers of the disease. In animals, there can be an occasional host. Zoonosis a disease that can spread from one human to another. The environment can be a reservoir as well. Transmission of the infection can happen several ways. Vertical transmission is transmitted from the mother to the fetus down the family tree a good example of this is syphilis, can happen with breastfeeding. Horizontal transmission is from person to person contact like shaking hands or stds. Indirect: person touches an item (fomite) then someone else touches it. Droplets: spread within a matter of the sneeze and can transfer an infection. Fecally contaminated hand to mouth (not washing hands) These originate in animals (95% of chickens have campylobacter) Droplet nuclei can carry a few organisms very far distance dust particles in the air can act as fomites.

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